Turkey is an important country for plant genetic resources. The conservation of plant genetic resources is important for the sustainable protection of genetic diversity. Because the new uniform and high-yielding varieties used in modern agriculture may cause the erosion of genetic diversity of local varieties or landraces, the collection and characterization of local germplasm becomes necessary. The sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the important oilseed crops for Turkey. Sunflower landraces have significant diversity in Turkey as one of the micro-gene centers for sunflower. For this reason, sunflower landraces are collected within the framework of the National Industrial Plant Genetic Resources Project. These accessions are maintained long-term ex situ at the National Gene Bank and are characterized for better understanding of the eco-geographic variation of sunflower landraces throughout region and for assessing the sustainable utilization of these collections. The eco-geographical distribution of the landraces and agro-morphological variation of the sunflower collection of the National Gene Bank will be presented. The amount of diversity and the genetic resources of sunflower used as a source of morphological similarity or dissimilarity of sunflower genetic resources were analyzed. The sunflower accessions used in this study, which were collected from different sites in Turkey, were evaluated for morphological characters. Ecological differences affect the morphology of sunflower; thus, quantitative aspects of variation were evaluated using plants grown under the same conditions. Multivariate analysis was performed for diversity determination of sunflower and morphometric parameters were examined. The distribution areas of sunflower samples showed great diversity. The distinct groupings were determined in principal components and the results of the analysis exhibited a broad morphological variation model of sunflower landraces.