Methods of current hydrogen production for the petroleum refinery industry as well as future technologies under research and development in preparation for a global hydrogen-based economy are briefly reviewed. The advantages of biomass and of liquid biofuels, including vegetable oils as fuel sources in the sustainable production of hydrogen gas are then presented. The bulk of this lecture is thereafter concerned with the thermo-chemical means of hydrogen production which are suitable to the conversion of vegetable oil into hydrogen gas. In particular, previous work on the catalytic steam reforming of vegetable oils is summarised and the advantages and drawbacks of conventional steam reforming exposed. The principles behind an exciting novel process of steam reforming called “unmixed steam reforming” (or USR) that is fuel flexible, insensitive to coking, and therefore suitable to unconventional gas and liquid fuels are outlined next. Based on the work carried out at the University of Leeds, preliminary results from tests of the USR process involving sunflower oil fuel are then presented and discussed. To conclude the lecture, future work planned in this area of investigation is outlined.